Underlying Neurobiological Processes - 1706 Words

It has been agreed in the literature that memories can generally be defined in terms of time (Nader, Schafe LeDoux, 2000). Memory is sensitive to disruption soon after learning as it is in a labile state of short-term memory (STM). Conversely, memory enters a stable form and is less sensitive to such disruptions in long-term memory (LTM) at a later stage after learning (Nader et al.). Research has argued that the process in which labile new memories transform into stable long-lasting memories is known as consolidation (Nader et al.). After memories are consolidated, they can re-enter states of transient instability, making them vulnerable to disruption immediately after retrieval (Yue et al., 2012; Si et al., 2012). This is known as memory reconsolidation (Yue et al.; Si et al.). Finally, the re-exposure to a particular context without reinforcement can lead to memory extinction (Merlo Romano, 2008).That is, the temporary weakening of an earlier conditioned response can lead to ext inction (Merlo Romano). However, the number of events or duration of a single event in that exposure will determine whether memory extinction or reconsolidation is activated (Merlo Romano). Although learning to fear danger is essential to survival, many anxiety disorders are underpinned by the dysregulation of the fear system (Oyarzà ºn et al., 2012). Accordingly, much research has been dedicated to developing strategies for supressing fear memories in maladaptive cases (Oyarzà ºn et al.;Show MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Neuro Behavioral Approach1048 Words   |  5 Pagesthe disease of the brain reward system. This system, closely related to the system of emotional arousal, is located predominantly in the limbic structures of the brain. (Vetulani, 2001) Within decades, the researchers got variety results about the underlying mechanism about drug addiction, however, factoring out how the drug addiction works is complex. We need to consider social and genetic mechanisms about the reasoning of drug addiction. It is fundamental to see how mechanisms and brain circuits areRead MoreSocial Cognition And Social Psychology1412 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach attempting to under stand how our brain is influenced by others. Social neuroscientists study the biological mechanisms underlying an individual’s social processes and behavior. They apply biological concepts and methods when developing new theories. These theories are then tested in hopes of pinpointing where in the brain humans are affected by social processes. Social neuroscientists are looking to find what biological systems are implemented in social behavior, as well as discover newRead MoreThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesor neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. Most all psychological functioning can be reduced to underlying brain processes. This should serve as reason alone as to why biology plays an important part in the study of psychology. Psychological factors play a role in whether a person develops a mental illness and in how well they recover from a mental illness,Read More Personality: a Neurobiological Model of Extraversion Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality: a Neurobiological Model of Extraversion Underlying the question of whether brain equals behavior is the possibility that ones personality may be understood on a neurobiological level. Personality affects how a person will behave in certain situations. Peoples attitudes towards their environments, their dispositions, personal preferences and dislikes all help determine their everyday actions. If behavior is controlled by the nervous system, these factors which make up a personsRead MoreThe Behavioral Approach : The Learning Theory Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesapproach, which focused on our behaviour without understanding the internal processes that create it. This approach focuses on how humans process information, observing how humans respond to information (behaviourists would call this stimuli-response) and how different moods we experience can impact how we respond to circumstances and behave as opposed to genetic factors. Cognitive psychologists study internal processes including perception, attention, language, mem ory and thinking. A main idea ofRead MoreBrain Disorders Affecting Children812 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge is the poor understanding of pathological changes about the brain regions and neuronal circuits underlying ASD. Macrocephaly (head circumference [HC]97th percentile) is one of the better-established phenotypic features characterizing a subset encompassing 14-34% of autism patients (34-47). Accelerating brain growth is obvious in early developmental stage from 1-4 year of age, yet neurobiological mechanisms hypothesized to possibly underlie excessive neural growth in autism is generally lackingRead MoreThe National Institute Of Mental Health1200 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health (NIMH) broadly launched the Research Domain Criteria project (RDoC). The purpose of RDoC is to provide a working framework to advance dimensional approaches of classifying psychopathology on the basis of observable behaviors and neurobiological measures (National Institute of Mental Health, 2013). Reflecting on the last thirty years, incredible progress has been made in understanding brain-behavior relationships in numerous mental disorders. The continued interdisciplinary work of geneticistsRead MoreHoward Gardner s Theory Of Multiple Intelligences1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthey would in turn do well on another test, such as spatial ability. While working with general intelligence, Spearman used a statistical technique known as factor analysis which clustered closely related items. He believed that g factor was the underlying component of all mental abilities. L. L. Thurstone, however, combated the idea of a general intelligence and was the first to identify seven separate primary mental abilities. Thurstone would lay the groundwork for Gardner’s future theory. WhenRead MoreUnderstanding the Brain: Synaptic Pruning Essay example905 Words   |  4 Pagesglial cells through a process called long-term depotentiation (LTD). After the synapse has been removed, the space and resources that it once used are taken by other synapses. These synapses are strengthened by long-term potentiation (LTP). These processes and various others take place throughout development, peaking at adolescence and reaching their base around the age of 21, and transform the brain to create more complex and efficient neuronal configurations. Various factors can affect the methodsRead MoreRape Can Be Defined As Being Unlawful And Unconsented Vaginal Or Anal Penetration?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesan act of criminal behaviour. The cognitive approach will be focussing on learnt behaviour, cycles of abuse and normalisation of coercive violent sex through early childhood experiences and the biological theory will focus on psychosis and the neurobiological explanations of why men rape. This essay will first discuss the biological psychological theory and then discuss the cognitive theories of rape. So what causes people to rape? the evolutionary biological factors believe that one of the reasons